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Diringer, David.  A History of the Alphabet.  Surrey, England: Unwin Brothers Limited, 1977.

Sampson, Geoffrey.  Writing Systems: a Linguistic Introduction.  Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1985.

Ogg, Oscar.  The 26 Letters.  London: George G. Harrap & Co. Ltd., 1955.

Cobley, Paul and Litza Janz.  Introducing Semiotics.  Cambridge : Icon Books, 1999.

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Jaars Museum of the Alphabet. <http://www.jaars.org/museum/alphabet/index.htm>