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Interwar and Postwar 1
The first children's hospital opened in 1802 in Paris, However, it is not until the 1860's that they would began in America. The first were not very different from the general hospital, except that the children were given opportunity and places to play, outdoor playground and the importance of fresh air.
The children's hospitals were conceived according to the model of a "big home" where a patient would find protection and a family atmosphere. The domesticity of these hospitals was enhanced by architectural elements such as roof type, materials scale, historicist imagery, plan and furniture.
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Victoria Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto .1
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As the isolation of patients became important for health reasons, the huge ward rooms were subdivised by plate glass partitions. (The ward then held between 6 and 10 children, comparatively to 20)
View down the interior corridor of the Isolation Pavilion, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, 1912.1
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The French model of Hospitals2
At the beginning of the century, in Europe, the hospital becomes more rational and fonctional and a leads to a new model, more fragmented and less monumental than the first general hospitals. The concept, called "la cité hospitalière" is well represented by Grange-Blanche Hospital in Lyon, designed by Tony Garnier.
Cité-jardin hospitalière de la Grange-Blanche, Lyon, 1911 .2
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Perspective of Tony Garnier's design .2
The design was based on a more domestic view of the general hospital, with the different specialization separated into 16 pavillons. The importance of gardens and trees is also illustrated on the perspective.
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1Designing for "the Little Convalescents": Children's Hospitals in Toronto and Montreal, 1875-2006.
2 Les Hôpitaux et les cliniques, architecture de la santé, p. 26.
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