PRECEDENTS

PRECEDENTS
	-materiality (local materials) -consistency in language (steel, glass, concrete, stone, colors) -overall theme (waterfall/cascade) -relationship with site (mutually enhancing) -natural setting -"eco-aesthetic" -interior/exterior link
source: http://www.inusa.com/tour/pa/laurel/fallingw.htm
Fallingwater Mill Run, Pennsylvania (1939) Frank Lloyd Wright
Wright, Frank Lloyd. The Natural House. New York: Horizon Press, 1954.

	-"eco-aesthetic" -mysticism/romanticism -natural forms
source: http://www.culturageneral.net/arquitectura/arquitec/casamila.htm
Casa Mila Barcelona, Spain (1910) Antonio Gaudi
Zerbst, Rainer. Antoni Gaudi. New York: Taschen, 1999.

	-location; similar climatic conditions -self sufficient; relies on few outside sources -doesn't look like traditional house
source: http://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/popup/hhtoronto/images/cutawayr.gif
Toronto Healthy House Toronto, Ontario (1993) Martin Liefhebber
Ledger, Bronwen. “A Healthy House.” Canadian Architect February 1997: 29-30, 37. McDougall, Bruce. “Going Green in the Burbs.” Canadian Geographic January/February 2003: 67-72, 74. Warson, Albert. “First Totally Self-Sustaining House is Built in Toronto.” Architectural Record March 1997: 28. Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) http://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/popup/hhtoronto/frame.html The Healthy House System http://www.healthyhousesystem.com/ "Unplugged Houses in Toronto”, PV Power, Issue 7, May 1997 http://www.oja-services.nl/iea-pvps/pvpower/07_02.htm

	-location; similar climatic conditions -self sufficient; relies on few outside sources -food production -waste treatment through natural means -natural systems vs. mechanical systems
source: http://www.planetware.ca/photos/CDN/PEI13.HTM
Prince Edward Island Ark Charlottetown, PEI (1976) New Alchemy Institute
New Alchemy Institute. An Ark for Prince Edward Island: A Report for the Federal Gouvernment of Canada. Little Pond: New Alchemy Institute, 1976. Todd, Nancy Jack and John Todd. From Eco-Cities to Living Machines: Principles of Ecological Design. Berkeley, California: North Atlantic Books, 1993.

	-simplicity in materials -appropriate color palette -dynamic (emerges from the cave/draws in) -relationship with landscape (seems like it was always there) -no style (timelessness) -monumentality
source: http://art.dada.it/fuksas/bio/homwork.htm
Cave Painting Museum Niaux, France (1993) Massimiliano Fuksas
Rose, Anne. “Prehistoric Presence.” Architectural Review August 1995: 68-70. Massimiliano Fuksas http://art.dada.it/fuksas/home.htm

	-re-used materials (car windshields) -rammed earth base -does more with less -uplifting/beautiful
source: http://www.arch.auburn.edu/ruralstudio/
Mason's Bend Community Center Mason's Bend, Alabama (1993) Samuel Mockbee and the Rural Studio
Dean, Andrea Oppenheimer. Rural Studio: Samuel Mockbee and an Architecture of Decency. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2002. Rural Studio http://www.arch.auburn.edu/ruralstudio/

	-high density using non-traditional form -landscape seeps in -self sufficient; relies on few outside sources -craftsmanship (details vs. whole) -occupants aware of surroundings/relation with nature
source: author
Arcosanti Cordes Junction, Arizona (1976- ...) Paolo Soleri
Arcidi, Philip. “Paolo Soleri's Arcology: Updating the Prognosis.” Progressive Architecture March 1991: 76-78. Difar, John Morris. “Job site for Utopia.” Progressive Architecture April 1973: 76-81. Soleri, Paolo. Arcosanti: An Urban Laboratory?. Scottsdale; The Cosanti Press, 1983. Soleri, Paolo. Arcology: The City in the Image of Man. Phoenix; Bridgewood Press, 1999. ARCOSANTI: a Prototype Arcology http://www.arcosanti.org/

	-doesn't look like traditional housing -high density using non-traditional form -visual dynamism (optical relationship between boxes) -time/seasons ever present -"pedestrian streets" provide intermediary state (not in, not out)
source: author
Habitat '67 Montreal, Quebec (1967) Moshe Safdie
Baker, Joseph. “Inhabiting Habitat.” Canadian Architect August 1997: 30-32. Dean, Andrea Oppenheimer. “Evaluation: Habitat A Generation Later.” Architecture: the AIA Journal October 1986: 52-55. Safdie, Moshe. Beyond Habitat. Montreal; Tundra Books, 1970. Safdie, Moshe. For Everyone A Garden. Cambridge; The MIT Press, 1974. McGill University’s Canadian Architecture Collection: The Safdie Hypermedia Archive http://cac.mcgill.ca/safdie/Habitat/default.asp Moshe Safdie and Associates http://www.msafdie.com/ Expo 67 – Montreal World’s fair http://naid.sppsr.ucla.edu/expo67/

	-totally self-contained (relies only on the Sun as an outside source - everything else in produced or absorbed within) -re-creates exterior environment within
source: author
Biosphere 2 Oracle, Arizona (1988) Phil Hawes
Sieloff, D. A.. Biosphere 2: A World in Our Hands (1995). Columbia University Biosphere 2 Center http://www.bio2.edu/

	-communal living (vs. social alienation) -high density using non-traditional form -preservation of fauna/flora -shared resources (economic advantages) -gardens - food production
source: http://www.cohousing.ca/cohsng4/windsong/images/ws01.JPG
Wind Song Langley, B.C. (1996) Davidson, Yuen, Simpson Architects
Haden, Bruce. “Cohousing.” Canadian Architect September 1997: 46. Van der Ryn, Sim. “Eco-villages: Toward Sustainable Architecture.” Progressive Architecture March 1991: 88-90. Windsong Cohousing Community http://www.cohousing.ca/cohsng4/windsong/ Global Ecovillage Network http://www.ecovillages.org/ Canadian Cohousing Network Home Page http://www.cohousing.ca/

	-often employ re-used materials -passive strategies -earth berm provides insulation and visual link to site
source: http://www.earthship.org/bld/index.php
Earthships (Housing typology)
Earthship Network http://www.earthship.org